Problems in Existing Purification Process

Affinity Chromatography

Fluctuation of pH value in the process increases the risk of charge variation

The ligands used in affinity chromatography are costly

Leakage of ligands

Relatively low productivity

Presents the limited lifetime

The desorption procedure results in partial denaturation of the bound protein

Mismatch of BsAb heterogeneous antibody brings technological and cost-related challenges

Requires the repeat process of capture-release-cleaning

The sample volume must be precisely adjusted while performing affinity chromatography